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Writing a Formal Letter

Writing a formal letter may be a difficult task for a beginner but once you get the proper format, it will be easy later on. Formal letters usually require a format or a template. Just follow a simple template and you will soon learn how to do it on your own.

Formal writing covers many letter styles such as for various inquiries and quotations, cover letter, and other business matters. Moreover, learning the proper abbreviations of words, title and important details are important when learning how to write a formal letter.

Rules When Writing a Formal Letter

Writing a Formal Letter

There are some principles to follow in the English language. The general rule of thumb is to write as clearly and simply as possible. The key is to direct to the point. Avoid writing long letters. Always remember to use the appropriate language rather than the common and informal form of language.

There are two addresses found in a formal letter. The first one is that of the sender. This must be written in the letter's top right hand corner. The second address of the recipient. This is often referred as the "inside address." It must be written on the left portion of the letter just below the sender's address.

Write the date. It does not really matter whether the sender places it on the right or the left side. Any position will do as long as it is just below the address that the sender is writing to. Do not abbreviate the month.

Write a greeting or salutation. Typically used are "Dear Sir or Madam," if you do not personally know the name of the person you are writing to though it is much preferable to find out the name. You can also use "Dear Mr. (name)," if you know the name of the person. You can also use other titles such as Mrs, Mr, Miss, Dr, Engr, and many others. After the title, write only the surname of the person you are writing to. If you do not know whether a woman is using Miss or Mrs, use the title "Ms" for it is referred for both single and married women.

Next is the endng. The term "Yours Faithfully" is used when you do not know the name of the person. Use the term "Yours Sincerely" when you know the person's name.

Place the signature over the printed name. If the person whom you are writing to does not know your gender, insert your title along with brackets after your printed name.

Formal Letter Contents

This paragraph must be brief and direct to the point. State your purpose on why you wrote the letter whether it is a complaint, request, enquiry, or just by way of information.

Keep the middle paragraph concise also. In this part, the letter must contain relevant information as to why you wrote the letter. Most formal letters are not very long. Ensure that the information is simple, brief, and direct to the point. Concentrate on the essential information and on organizing the details in a logical and clear manner.

The last paragraph must create an impact. Clearly state what kind of action you are expecting from the recipient. A good example is either you want the recipient is to send you additional information, give a refund or give you an answer as soon as possible.

Writing a Formal Letter
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Medical Billing Terms and Medical Coding Terminology

Those in medical billing and coding careers have a terminology of unique terms and abbreviations. Below are some of the more frequently used Medical Billing terms and acronyms. Also included is some medical coding terminology.

Aging - Refers to the unpaid insurance claims or patient balances that are due past 30 days. Most medical billing software's have the ability to generate a separate report for insurance aging and patient aging. These reports typically list balances by 30, 60, 90, and 120 day increments.

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Appeal - When an insurance plan does not pay for treatment, an appeal (either by the provider or patient) is the process of formally objecting this judgment. The insurer may require additional documentation.

Medical Billing Terms and Medical Coding Terminology

Applied to Deductible - Typically seen on the patient statement. This is the amount of the charges, determined by the patients insurance plan, the patient owes the provider. Many plans have a maximum annual deductible that once met is then covered by the insurance provider.

Assignment of Benefits - Insurance payments that are paid to the doctor or hospital for a patients treatment.

Beneficiary  - Person or persons covered by the health insurance plan.

Clearinghouse - This is a service that transmits claims to insurance carriers. Prior to submitting claims the clearinghouse scrubs claims and checks for errors. This minimizes the amount of rejected claims as most errors can be easily corrected. Clearinghouses electronically transmit claim information that is compliant with the strict HIPPA standards (this is one of the medical billing terms we see a lot more of lately).

CMS - Centers for Medicaid and Medicare Services. Federal agency which administers Medicare, Medicaid, HIPPA, and other health programs. Formerly known as the HCFA (Health Care Financing Administration). You'll notice that CMS it the source of a lot of medical billing terms.

CMS 1500 - Medical claim form established by CMS to submit paper claims to Medicare and Medicaid. Most commercial insurance carriers also require paper claims be submitted on CMS-1500's. The form is distinguished by it's red ink.

Coding -Medical Billing Coding involves taking the doctors notes from a patient visit and translating them into the proper ICD-9 code for diagnosis and CPT codes for treatment.

Co-Insurance - Percentage or amount defined in the insurance plan for which the patient is responsible. Most plans have a ratio of 90/10 or 80/20, 70/30, etc. For example the insurance carrier pays 80% and the patient pays 20%.

Co-Pay - Amount paid by patient at each visit as defined by the insured plan.

CPT Code - Current Procedural Terminology. This is a 5 digit code assigned for reporting a procedure performed by the physician. The CPT has a corresponding ICD-9 diagnosis code. Established by the American Medical Association. This is one of the medical billing terms we use a lot.

Date of Service (DOS) - Date that health care services were provided.

Day Sheet - Summary of daily patient treatments, charges, and payments received.

Deductible - amount patient must pay before insurance coverage begins. For example, a patient could have a 00 deductible per year before their health insurance will begin paying. This could take several doctor's visits or prescriptions to reach the deductible.

Demographics - Physical characteristics of a patient such as age, sex, address, etc. necessary for filing a claim.

DME - Durable Medical Equipment - Medical supplies such as wheelchairs, oxygen, catheter, glucose monitors, crutches, walkers, etc.

DOB - Abbreviation for Date of Birth

Dx - Abbreviation for diagnosis code (ICD-9-CM).

Electronic Claim - Claim information is sent electronically from the billing software to the clearinghouse or directly to the insurance carrier. The claim file must be in a standard electronic format as defined by the receiver.

E/M - Evaluation and Management section of the CPT codes. These are the CPT codes 99201 thru 99499 most used by physicians to access (or evaluate) a patients treatment needs.

EMR - Electronic Medical Records. Medical records in digital format of a patients hospital or provider treatment.

EOB - Explanation of Benefits. One of the medical billing terms for the statement that comes with the insurance company payment to the provider explaining payment details, covered charges, write offs, and patient responsibilities and deductibles.

ERA - Electronic Remittance Advice. This is an electronic version of an insurance EOB that provides details of insurance claim payments. These are formatted in according to the HIPAA X12N 835 standard.

Fee Schedule - Cost associated with each treatment CPT medical billing codes.

Fraud - When a provider receives payment or a patient obtains services by deliberate, dishonest, or misleading means.

Guarantor - A responsible party and/or insured party who is not a patient.

HCPCS - Health Care Financing Administration Common Procedure Coding System. (pronounced "hick-picks"). This is a three level system of codes. CPT is Level I. A standardized medical coding system used to describe specific items or services provided when delivering health services. May also be referred to as a procedure code in the medical billing glossary.

The three HCPCS levels are:

Level I - American Medical Associations Current Procedural Terminology (CPT) codes.

Level II - The alphanumeric codes which include mostly non-physician items or services such as medical supplies, ambulatory services, prosthesis, etc. These are items and services not covered by CPT (Level I) procedures.

Level III - Local codes used by state Medicaid organizations, Medicare contractors, and private insurers for specific areas or programs.

HIPAA - Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act. Several federal regulations intended to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of health care. HIPAA has introduced a lot of new medical billing terms into our vocabulary lately.

HMO - Health Maintenance Organization. A type of health care plan that places restrictions on treatments.

ICD-9 Code - Also know as ICD-9-CM. International Classification of Diseases classification system used to assign codes to patient diagnosis. This is a 3 to 5 digit number.

ICD 10 Code - 10th revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Uses 3 to 7 digit. Includes additional digits to allow more available codes. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services has set an implementation deadline of October, 2013 for ICD-10.

Inpatient - Hospital stay longer than one day (24 hours).

Maximum Out of Pocket - The maximum amount the insured is responsible for paying for eligible health plan expenses. When this maximum limit is reached, the insurance typically then pays 100% of eligible expenses.

Medical Assistant - Performs administrative and clinical duties to support a health care provider such as a physician, physicians assistant, nurse, or nurse practitioner.

Medical Coder - Analyzes patient charts and assigns the correct ICD-9 diagnosis codes (soon to be ICD-10) and corresponding CPT treatment codes and any related CPT modifiers.

Medical Billing Specialist - The person who processes insurance claims and patient payments of services performed by a physician or other health care provider and vital to the financial operation of a practice. Makes sure medical billing codes and insurance information are entered correctly and submitted to insurance payer. Enters insurance payment information and processes patient statements and payments.

Medical Necessity - Medical service or procedure performed for treatment of an illness or injury not considered investigational, cosmetic, or experimental.

Medical Transcription - The conversion of voice recorded or hand written medical information dictated by health care professionals (such as physicians) into text format records. These records can be either electronic or paper.

Medicare - Insurance provided by federal government for people over 65 or people under 65 with certain restrictions. Medicare has 2 parts; Medicare Part A for hospital coverage and Part B for doctors office or outpatient care.

Medicare Donut Hole - The gap or difference between the initial limits of insurance and the catastrophic Medicare Part D coverage limits for prescription drugs.

Medicaid - Insurance coverage for low income patients. Funded by Federal and state government and administered by states.

Modifier - Modifier to a CPT treatment code that provide additional information to insurance payers for procedures or services that have been altered or "modified" in some way. Modifiers are important to explain additional procedures and obtain reimbursement for them.

Network Provider - Health care provider who is contracted with an insurance provider to provide care at a negotiated cost.

NPI Number - National Provider Identifier. A unique 10 digit identification number required by HIPAA and assigned through the National Plan and Provider Enumeration System (NPPES).

Out-of Network (or Non-Participating) - A provider that does not have a contract with the insurance carrier. Patients usually responsible for a greater portion of the charges or may have to pay all the charges for using an out-of network provider.

Out-Of-Pocket Maximum - The maximum amount the patient is responsible to pay under their insurance. Charges above this limit are the insurance companies obligation. These Out-of-pocket maximums can apply to all coverage or to a specific benefit category such as prescriptions.

Outpatient - Typically treatment in a physicians office, clinic, or day surgery facility lasting less than one day.

Patient Responsibility - The amount a patient is responsible for paying that is not covered by the insurance plan.

PCP - Primary Care Physician - Usually the physician who provides initial care and coordinates additional care if necessary.

PPO - Preferred Provider Organization. Insurance plan that allows the patient to select a doctor or hospital within the network. Similar to an HMO.

Practice Management Software - software used for the daily operations of a providers office. Typically includes appointment scheduling and billing functions.

Preauthorization - Requirement of insurance plan for primary care doctor to notify the patient insurance carrier of certain medical procedures (such as outpatient surgery) for those procedures to be considered a covered expense.

Premium - The amount the insured or their employer pays (usually monthly) to the health insurance company for coverage.

Provider - Physician or medical care facility (hospital) that provides health care services.

Referral - When a provider (typically the Primary Care Physician) refers a patient to another provider (usually a specialist).

Self Pay - Payment made at the time of service by the patient.

Secondary Insurance Claim - Insurance claim for coverage paid after primary insurance makes payment. Typically intended to cover gaps in insurance coverage.

SOF - Signature on File.

Superbill - One of the medical billing terms for the form the provider uses to document the treatment and diagnosis for a patient visit. Typically includes several commonly used ICD-9 diagnosis and CPT procedural codes. One of the most frequently used medical billing terms.

Supplemental Insurance - Additional insurance policy that covers claims fro deductibles and coinsurance. Frequently used to cover these expenses not covered by Medicare.

Taxonomy Code - Code for the provider specialty sometimes required to process a claim.

Tertiary Insurance - Insurance paid in addition to primary and secondary insurance. Tertiary insurance covers costs the primary and secondary insurance may not cover.

TIN - Tax Identification Number. Also known as Employer Identification Number (EIN).

TOS - Type of Service. Description of the category of service performed.

UB04 - Claim form for hospitals, clinics, or any provider billing for facility fees similar to CMS 1500. Replaces the UB92 form.

Unbundling - Submitting more than one CPT treatment code when only one is appropriate.

UPIN - Unique Physician Identification Number. 6 digit physician identification number created by CMS. Discontinued in 2007 and replaced by NPI number.

Write-off (W/O) - The difference between what the provider charges for a procedure or treatment and what the insurance plan allows. The patient is not responsible for the write off amount. May also be referred to as "not covered" in some glossary of billing terms.

Medical Billing Terms and Medical Coding Terminology

Gina Wysor has over 10 years experience in the medical billing industry and is the owner of a home based medical billing and coding company.

For a more comprehensive listing of Medical Billing Terms visit http://www.all-things-medical-billing.com/medical-billing-terms.html. Visit http://www.all-things-medical-billing.com/ for more information on medical billing as a or career.

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How to Get an FFL License

What is a FFL License?

FFL License is the abbreviation for a Federal Firearms License which is a U.S. Government issued firearm license required of individuals or companies engaged in the business of selling firearms.

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FFL holders also provide the service of "transferring" firearms to individuals who may have bought the firearm elsewhere and had it shipped to their local FFL holder for transfer to them.

How to Get an FFL License

Learn how to get an FFL License - FFL license requirements and FFL application process.

So you need to learn how to get an FFL license in order to become a registered gun dealer or to collect antique type firearms. This article explains in detail how to get an FFL license and the FFL license application process and your requirements as an FFL license applicant.

Is it legal to buy firearms over the Internet or by mail order?

Yes! However, all modern firearms must by law be transferred from a FFL holder dealer with a Federal Firearms License at their business location to the actual buyer. That is why they only ship firearms to a FFL holder for subsequent transfer to our customers, instead of straight to the customer.

Why is a signed FFL License copy required before an Internet or mail order purchase can be shipped?

Possession of the FFL license copy bearing an original ink signature is the legal requirement to ensure that the destination of the firearm is the same as the shipping address on the license.

This helps to prevent fraud and the unlawful delivery of firearms to underage or prohibitive persons. All federal firearm license holders must be current and the FFL license dealer will check each against the BATF's on-line database of current and valid Federal firearms license holders, keeping criminals from obtaining firearms is the first priority.

Where do I find a Federal Firearms License Holder to do the transfer for my purchase?

Most of your local gun & pawn shops have a FFL license and will perform the transfer for a small fee. Also, any individual holding a FFL licensee can do the transfer for you. Doing transfers is an easy way for your local FFL holders to generate cash flow without carrying inventory. You can also locate FFL transfer Dealers in your area by logging onto several Internet resources.

Is a FFL licence copy required to purchase and ship optics and accessories?

No. Only modern firearms are required to be shipped to a FFL holder. All other items can be shipped direct to the purchaser.

Can I provide background check information over the phone before I pick up my firearm?

No. By law, the required paperwork (ATF yellow sheet) is to be filled out in the presence of a licensed FFL holder. The background check will be initiated with the FBI NICS at the time the yellow sheet is filled out.

What if I get a NICS delay response during the background check?

Delay responses are out of the control of the FFL licensee, and no explanation for the response is given by FBI NICS as to the reason for the delay. Delay responses provide the FBI NICS the following 3 full business weekdays for review of the background check. Generally most of the delay responses have been given a final disposition within 24 hrs.

What if I get a denied response?

Denied responses are out of the control of the FFL license holder, and no explanation for the response is given by FBI NICS as to the reason for the denial. You do have the right to request in writing the reason for the denial. The ff license holder should have the denied response inquiry forms available.

How old do I have to be to purchase a firearm?

In Texas, the legal age is 18 yrs. for long gun purchases and 21 yrs. Usually between 18 and 21, check locally for the correct age. For handgun purchases. Each state may have different age and eligibility requirements for firearms purchases. It is the BUYER's responsibility to know their local and state laws.
Check with your local FFL holder before making a purchase.

How to Get an FFL License

We have helped many FFL applications get approved first time with the FFL kit. www.fflfirearmslicense.com has many resources and answers to questions related to how to get an FFL license the first time you try.

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What is Covered by La-Z-Boy's Limited Lifetime Warranty

The Lazy Boy recliner limited warranty is one of the best in the furniture industry and includes lifetime warranty for several of their products' mechanical parts - including reclining mechanisms, sleep sofa mechanisms, springs and spring systems, swivel base and wood frame parts. Remember, the lifetime warranty applies to the parts only and labor costs are usually only covered for a year.

Only the person who originally purchased the lazy boy recliner from an authorized dealer is covered by the limited lifetime warranty. If you bought your recliner second hand then the warranty cannot be transferred. You should ensure that you are buying your recliner from an authorized dealer if you want to take advantage of the warranty. Some dealers may also offer an extended warranties from companies like Wear Dated, DuPont or StainSafe.

The warranty is also limited to material and manufacturing defects that occur under normal indoor residential use. The warranty does not cover furniture used for rental, commercial, institutional or other non-residential use. If the furniture shows any signs of abnormal use, excessive soiling, improper cleaning or treatment then your warranty is void.

What is Covered by La-Z-Boy's Limited Lifetime Warranty

Most warranty claims require that the furniture first be inspected by Lazy Boy to ensure that the repairs are covered by the warranty. You will be responsible for paying any in-home inspection fees, the cost to ship the furniture to and from the dealer and the cost to ship the furniture to and from the Lazy Boy factory. Most repairs do not require the furniture to be returned to the factory. You will also have to pay any labor costs if the repairs are required after the expiry of the labor coverage period in the warranty (usually one year from the date of purchase).

Not all parts have a lifetime warranty. The Genesis reclining mechanism found in the Lazy Boy Tulsa Recliner has a ten year warranty, and the sleep sofa mechanism on the Signature Select models have a five year warranty. Fabric and leather is usually covered for one year for manufacturing and material defects only and other materials have warranties ranging from one to ten years.

The warranty is for the repair, replacement or substitution of the defective part and it is Lazy Boy's sole discretion which option they will select. The warranty does not provide for any refund of the purchase price. Items purchased "as is" or as clearance items from authorized dealers are not covered by the Lazy Boy Limited Lifetime Warranty, so make sure you check first before you buy.

To make a claim under the warranty you should contact the authorized dealer where you purchased your Lazy Boy recliner. However, if that dealer is no longer available then you can contact another authorized dealer as long as you still have your original proof of purchase. If you feel that your dealer has not honored the warranty then you can write directly to La-Z-Boy Incorporated's Consumer Services.

What is Covered by La-Z-Boy's Limited Lifetime Warranty
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Tony Barrett writes for Lazy Boy Recliners (http://www.lazy-boy-recliner.com) and provides information and reviews on Lazy Boy Furniture and Recliners as well as advice for maintenance and repairs. Click on http://www.lazy-boy-recliner.com if you are thinking about buying or selling a recliner, considering recliner slipcovers, or need advice on recliner cleaning, repairs or adjustments.

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Powerful Mantra Meditation Method to Open All Seven Chakras

Of all the meditation techniques and yoga poses available to open the chakra points, the following three stand out. Mantra meditation, chakra visualization meditation and kundalini yoga kriyas. These three techniques are the most widely used methods for activating the chakras and their widespread use is a testament to their effectiveness. In this article we will discuss the mantra technique in detail. We will go into not only the good points of this meditation technique, but also discuss it's drawbacks.

For those who are unfamiliar, I am going to briefly give an overview of the seven chakra system and then dive into the mantra technique for opening and balancing them. The seven chakra system model belongs to the school of Kundalini Tantra. It is a model which can effectively represent man in all his dimensions and complexities.

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Essentially, a chakra is an energy vortex that resides in a particular location along the spine in the energetic body of man. The first chakra resides at the very base and the last at the crown of the head, with the others in between. Each chakra is responsible for the health of the organs and glands in it's region and also responsible for certain personality traits and characteristics. Opening and balancing the chakra points, means to heal and rejuvenate the organs in the region of that chakra, and to balance the associated personality traits. So how do we go about using the chakra mantra meditation technique for balancing the chakra points? Let's find out.

Powerful Mantra Meditation Method to Open All Seven Chakras

Associated with each chakra point is a seed sound, or bij mantra and chanting this mantra stimulates and activates the chakra. The bij mantras can be chanted either out loud or be done mentally, if you have a strong mind. A mala or beaded string can be used to count the number of repetitions of the chant, and this method of opening the chakras is very powerful. Herein also lies the problem.

Mantra meditation is too powerful a technique. The sound, when properly chanted directly begins to open the chakra point, and if the practitioner is not physically ready for dealing with the greater flow of energy that results from opening the chakra, it can lead to complications and imbalances. So it is very important to not overdo chakra mantra meditation. It should be used judiciously and only in conjunction with other techniques that are designed to prepare the system for greater flow of energy.

If you do feel ready to try this technique and incorporate it wisely into your meditation practice, here are the sounds associated with each chakra point that you need to chant.

Mooladhara: Root Center: LANG (LAM)

Swadhistana: Sex Center: VANG (VAM)

Manipura: Navel Center: RANG (RAM)

Anahata: Heart Center: YANG (YAM)

Vishuddhi: Throat Center: HANG (HAM)

Ajna: Third Eye Center: ONG (OM)

Sahasrara: Crown Center: Silence

So there you have one of the most powerful meditation techniques to open and balance the chakras. Use this wisdom wisely and I am sure it will go a long way in helping you with your journey back to the Source.

Powerful Mantra Meditation Method to Open All Seven Chakras

Anmol Mehta is a Kundalini Yoga Teacher, Zen Expert and creator of profound meditation and yoga programs. These FREE Online Meditation and Kundalini Yoga Programs are available at Mastery of Meditation, Chakra Yoga and Zen. You will also find a wealth of insightful articles at the Mastery of Meditation, Kundalini Yoga and Zen Blog, all geared to help you achieve your highest potential.

This article is available for reprint on your website and/or newsletter, provided it is not changed and you include the author's signature.

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Authorized Dealers - What is an Authorized Dealer?

A lot of companies sell themselves on the fact that they are an authorized dealer of the products they sell. But what is an authorized dealer exactly? Why does it matter? And does it really benefit consumers to make sure they buy from one?

Short answer: Yes. It really does matter.

If things always worked out like we'd like them to, every item we purchased as consumers - like watches, headphones, TVs, toys, and computers - would work perfectly and without defects. They would function for as long as their normal useful life. There would be no glitches, crashes, or breaks. And we'd have no complaints.

Authorized Dealers - What is an Authorized Dealer?

But this is the real world.

And in reality, things don't always work as they should. Pieces break. They stop working. Or sometimes, we simply open a box and find a piece missing.

When any of these things happens, it's nice to know that we can call the manufacturer and have them make it right.

Herein lies the problem in dealing with an unauthorized seller; the manufacturer has no relationship with them or control over the products they sell. They may sell items with missing serial numbers. They may be selling damaged or used items. Or pawning off refurbished items as new.

Any, or all of these practices can void a manufacturer's warranty. Naturally, this is going to limit your chances of finding a resolution to whatever product issue you experience, especially if the unauthorized seller doesn't offer assistance either.

It's a frustrating, expensive, and unfortunate scenario that happens much more often than it should.

The bottom line? Do your research and when applicable, make your purchases from an authorized dealer. It's best way to protect your investment. These retailers are held to certain standards of practice and service that unauthorized companies are not. Plus, you can rest easy knowing that your item is covered by the manufacturer's full warranty, and that you'll have support after the sale is made.

Check with a company before you buy. And if the item you're buying is especially expensive or requires a significant level of support, check with the manufacturer for their list of dealers first.

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Essential Oil Recipes - How to Make Natural Products Using 5 Essential Oils Or Less

Enjoy using Essential Oils and making your own recipes that give you products that are quick and simple to make.

Using only 5 Essential Oils - keep the cost down but not make inferior products for your use. I never compromised on effectiveness in these recipes if it wouldn't work with the five its not listed.

Costing you less - by reducing the number of Oils and combining them with common household ingredients you spend less, waste less and are able to make more as you want it.

Essential Oil Recipes - How to Make Natural Products Using 5 Essential Oils Or Less

Simple recipes - by keeping the recipes simple to do and easy to follow you can save yourself time along with money.

It was amazing how simple but still effective these products were and how easy they are to make and store or make up quickly when you need them. They are great for you, your family, and for inexpensive gifts that look (and smell) a million dollars.

If you love natural chemical free products then this article is for you. If you love to also save money, then this article is definitely for you.

If you love making your own products, you will love the simple step by step recipes.

Even if you have never blended a product before this article is design to give you the easy instruction and all the information you need to make you own products.

There is several great recipes in each of these sections

• Household cleaning
• First aid and Common Ailments
• Relaxation and Stress Relief
• Skin Care
• Hair Care
• Gift Ideas

When we first decided to create recipes with a smaller number of oils we tested three, four, five and six Essential Oil blends and found that five oils give you the most versatility and best value for money.

When selecting our Essential Oils we tested and tested them until we found the best for -

• Value for Money - why use an expensive oil if a less expensive will work just as well
• Essential Oil versatility - what oils have many benefits and usages
• Essential Oil properties - what oils have a larger range or properties and work the best with our bodies and environment
• Simplicity - more common known oils
• Practicality - easy to find oils so you don't have to search for them

THE ESSENTIAL 5 OILS

Here is a quick summary of the Five Essential Oils used to create this complete article

1. Lavender
2. Geranium
3. Lemon
4. Chamomile
5. Tea Tree

Lavender Essential Oil - The most popular Essential Oil is Lavender; if you were only ever going to buy one Essential Oil then Lavender would be the one. It is used in all sections of The Essential 5. This amazing oil is one of the most useful of all essential oils. Lavenders properties include antiseptic, relaxant, antitoxic, for burns, sedative, tonic, deodorant to name a few, and blends well with most other oils. It is bridging oil for perfumes and is a very common known aroma.

Geranium Essential Oil - Geranium has a strong herbaceous aroma with similar notes to rose. This great all round Essential oil has therapeutic properties as an astringent, antiseptic, anti-depressant, tonic, antibiotic, and as an anti-infectious agent. Aid against travel sickness, assists with irritations associated with dermatitis, eczema and psoriasis.

Lemon Essential Oil - Well known for its clean refreshing aroma it has high anti-bacterial properties. On skin and hair it can be used for its cleansing effect, as well as for its Antiseptic properties, and being refreshing and cooling. Lemon may assist with the ability to concentrate. The strong clean smell is commonly associated with cleanliness.

Chamomile Essential Oil - It is useful in the treatment of aches and pains in muscles and joints. Treatment of symptoms of PMS with Chamomile is also beneficial especially when the symptoms are related to stress. It has long tradition in herbal medicine and the flowers were used in many cures including an herbal tea During World War Two. The strong aroma of chamomile is fruity and herbaceous and ideal for children and those with sensitive skins.

Tea Tree Essential Oil - Most of us have use or own this oil at one stage. It is use in two sections and is best known as a very powerful immune stimulant. It can help to fight off infectious. Used as part of an inhalation it can help with colds, measles, sinusitis & viral infections. For skin & hair, Tea Tree has been used to combat acne, oily skin, head lice & dandruff.

THE COST BENEFITS OF USING ESSENTIAL OILS

The main benefit of using Essential Oils when making your own products are that a little goes a long way.

Usually you can buy your Oils in 17ml, 15 ml, 12ml or 6 ml bottles and for every 1 milliliter you get 20 drops that means for your 15 ml you get 300 drops and your 12 ml bottle you get 240 drops.

With different Products ranging from only 10 drops or more you can see now a little goes along way.

This is why they are a cost effective way to create your own blends. By simply changing the quantities and the mix of oils and the base products you are able to make many products with only a few oils.

I love that I can make up some products that I use all the time and then I can just make up enough of a product if I want it for a single use, for example when my son had warts I made up a half bottle and applied as per instruction for the two weeks and I have not needed to use it again.

Whereas I always have Air Freshener and All purpose Cleanser available as well as Antiseptic Cream and Bath Bombs, (ideal to throw in the bath with cranky kids).

ADD BASE PRODUCTS

Add to this some great base products and your away. Using base products combined with Essential Oils for household cleaning and gifts has been used for centuries with records showing uses as far back as ancient Roman Times and in Egypt, Greece and India.

Base products range from everyday common products - Bicarb (bicarbonate soda), Soaps, Salt, Vinegar, Vitamin V creams, Aloe Vera, Eggs along with many other commonly used ingredients.

By understanding that Base Oils and Products have their own properties (attribute, characteristic or ability) allows you to expand the range of recipes and products you may create, by combining of Essential Oil and base product properties.

HOUSEHOLD CLEANING

Some people enjoy cleaning, some people love cleaning, some tolerate it and some do it because 'it has to be done', I'm somewhere between tolerate and 'has to be done', definitely not in the love area. Put on some music; grab the kids, grab my great products and I get it done.

I want products that work; I don't want to have to repeat it. So if I can have effective products that are natural, chemical free, and smell divine, then that's a bonus.

• Air freshener - room deodorizer, ironing aid, curtain freshener
• All Purpose Cleanser - any room in the house the needs an abrasive cleaner; ovens, showers, fridges, air conditioners, bathrooms, benches, cups, drawers, microwaves
• Baking Soda Shaker - general all round all purpose abrasive, stainless steel, shoes - odor
• Vinegar Spray - antibacterial surface cleaner, polishes car chrome, Spray car windows to keep them frost free, clean eye glasses, must have for jellyfish and blue bottle stings, removes fruit stains from hands, removes onion smell from hands

AIR FRESHENER SPRAY

250 ml Spray bottle

15 drops Essential Oils as below (blend suggestions)

250 ml Boiled (cooled) Water

To freshen and deodorize your house, don't mask the bad smells; eliminate them. Any of the below blends are great of create your own air freshener, using the blend to suit your needs.

MIX 1 - 10 drops of Essential Oils into bottle of water and shake well. Shake before each use.

Blend suggestions:

Welcoming - welcome people into your home, invokes memories of peace in most people.

Lavender - 15 drops

All purpose - a blend suitable for every room; freshens the air and contains bacterial properties.

Lavender - 8 drops, Lemon 4 drops, Geranium 3 drops

Bloom - Ideal for kitchen and eliminating cooking odor.

Lavender 6 drops, Lemon 5 drops, Tea Tree 4 drops

Smell Ease - remove the unpleasant odor associated with bathrooms and laundries

Lemon 10 drops, Chamomile 3 drops, Lavender 2 drops

Other Uses -

• Ironing Aid - spray directly onto clothes and iron
• Room deodorizer - eliminating stale and unpleasant smells
• Curtain freshener - spray directly onto curtains and allow the warm of the sun to intensify the beautiful natural Essential Oil aromas.

BICARB SHAKER

Large Salt Shaker

Bicarb

Large salt shaker or talc powder bottle or container (jar) with holes pierced into lid may be used. If Bicarb is needed as an abrasive, it can be used alone, with Surface Spray or All Purpose Cleaner for added removal of built up grime. Easier and more practical than having in a box and pouring it out, you seem to use less as the powder is evenly distributed.

Other Uses -

• Kids - will love using this - shake onto surface, spray with vinegar and watch it fizz let the kids wipe the bench and love the fizzing feeling on their fingers - cleaning done with fun!
• Stainless Steel - cleans and removes minor rust stains
• Odor eliminator - shoes, carpets and pet areas

ALL PURPOSE CLEANSER

250 ml sauce (squirt) bottle

140 ml Boiled (warm) Water

60 ml Vinegar

50 ml soap or washing liquid

2 tablespoons Bicarb

10 drops Lemon Essential Oil

5 drops Lavender Essential Oil

5 drops Tea Tree Essential Oil

A wonderful All Purpose Cleanser that can be used throughout the household. Heavier than a surface spray with a gentle abrasive quality and soap for removal of grease build up. This Cleaner is antibacterial, disinfectant, and cleansing.

MIX: - Mix this mixture in a glass bowl or jug, cool and pour into bottle.

Pour in 1/2 of warm water add Bicarb, stir until dissolved,

Add to this mixture 1/2 vinegar (1/2 vinegar quantity, allow mixture to rinse and lower, add rest of Vinegar) and add liquid soap stir until blended. Add Essential Oils and pour in remaining warm water. Stir well, allow cooling before use.

Other Uses -

• Benches - Cleaning any surfaces with gentle abrasive cleaner
• Fridges - for fresh odor and sparkling clean look
• Showers and bathrooms - helps eliminate build up
• Air conditioners Cups - great for removing coffee stains
• Drawers - removes grime and marks
• Microwaves - cleans inside and out

VINEGAR SPRAY

250 ml Spray bottle

250 ml vinegar

A pure blend of vinegar can be used by itself or part of a cleaning system. This spray is ideal for cleaning mirrors, glass and windows, and for use with Bicarb for cleaning.

Other Uses -

• Polishes car chrome
• Spray car windows to keep them frost free
• clean eye glasses
• must have for jellyfish, blue bottle stings
• removes fruit stains from hands
• removes onion smell from hands

FIRST AID AND COMMON AILMENTS

Creating a First Aid Kit and treating Common Ailments is a great way to see the benefits of using Essential Oils.

Essential Oils bring their therapeutic benefits to the body as they are absorbed into the blood stream via the skin or lungs. The aromatic fragrances can have a pleasing and powerful effect on our general wellbeing. As the Essential Oils enter the bloodstream they take their healing powers to the part of the body that is in most need.

With First Aid and Common Ailments you will find over a period of time you will make up more products that you use regularly and this will bring even more benefits to you and your family.

ANTISEPTIC CREAM

50 ml dark colored glass jar

43 ml Base Cream

20 drops (1 ml) Lavender Essential Oil

15 drops Geranium Essential Oil

15 drops Tea Tree Essential Oil

Use of this antiseptic blend assists in the healing of cuts and wounds. Use directly onto injury and cover with bandage or band-aid for quicker healing.

MIX: Into glass jar spoon in Base Cream fill 2/3 of jar add in essential oils, mix with spoon, fill jar and remix.

BURN GEL, mild

50 ml glass jar

43 ml Aloe Vera Gel

40 (2 ml) drops Lavender Essential Oil

10 drops Chamomile Essential Oil

IMMEDIATELY apply cold water to area, run water over area for approx 10 minutes.

For small areas a few drops of Lavender (neat) straight from the bottle, onto area followed by ice pack is ideal.

For large areas apply blend above (I have this made up in fridge always) as it is even better if Aloe Vera Gel blend is cold. Apply clean gauze bandage and cover with ice pack. ALWAYS SEEK MEDICAL ADVICE IF SEVERE BURN.

MIX: Into glass jar spoon in Aloe Vera Gel fill 2/3 of jar add in essential oils, mix with spoon, fill jar and remix.

CHAPPED LIPS

10 ml dark colored glass jar or container

10ml Aloe Vera Gel

6 drops Geranium Essential Oil

4 drops Chamomile Essential Oil

Apply regularly to lips to keep them moist and smooth.

MIX: Into glass jar spoon in Aloe Vera Gel fill 2/3 of jar add in essential oils, mix with spoon, fill jar and remix.

COLD SORES

10 ml glass jar

10 ml Aloe Vera Gel

4 drops Geranium Essential Oil

3 drops Tea Tree Essential Oils

2 drops Chamomile Essential Oils

1 drop Lavender Essential Oils

This blend can assist in the reduction of the severity of cold sores. Apply when the tingling feeling starts, (if possible to help prevent cold sore from forming), or apply directly onto sore to help keep moist and encourage healing of inflammation.

MIX: Into glass jar spoon in Aloe Vera Gel fill 2/3 of jar add in essential oils, mix with spoon, fill jar and remix

HEADACHES

10 ml glass bottle

10 ml base oil

10 drops Essential Oils as below

MIX: Lavender 10 drops

Assist in the relief of headaches. Inhale directly from the bottle, especially before leaving the bed in the morning. Massage onto pulse points, wrist, temples, and base of neck and across forehead. Drop 5-10 drops in bath or shower, may be used in oil burner.

MIX: Pour base oil to glass bottle, add Essential Oils and shake well.

RELAXATION

Time to relax you've got to be joking. I have heard this time and time again and I know hard it is to fit it in. By making my own relaxation products I could adjust them to what I wanted, and vary them to suit my moods. For example I would you different oils for relaxing, for sleep, for stress or mediation.

RELAXATION RELEASE & WIND DOWN BLEND

5 drops Lavender, 3 drops Chamomile, 2 drops Geranium

RELAX & UPLIFT BLEND

4 drops Geranium, 2 drops Chamomile, 2 drops Lavender, 2 drop Lemon

CALM DOWN STRESS BUSTER BLEND

7 drops Chamomile, 3 drops Lavender

100% PURE ESSENTIAL OIL BLEND

15 ml glass bottle

15 ml Essential Oils (your blend)

Creating a blend of Essential Oils gives you a synergy of the oils. That means the combined benefit of the oils is higher than its individual oils. Remember your 100% Essential Oil blend is not for use on your body it must be a diluted blend for body usage. 100% Essential 100% Oil blends are ideal for oil burners, foot spas, baths, inhalations, humidifiers, diffusers and mediation.

MIX Add the total drops of each Essential Oil into the bottle as shake gently to blend.

10% ESSENTIAL OIL BLEND

15 ml glass bottle

30 drops (1.5 ml) Essential Oils (your blend)

13.5 ml base oil

Creating a blend of Essential Oils gives you a synergy of the oils. Blending it down with base oil allows you the versatility to use for body applications. 10% Essential Oil Blends are ideal for pulse point or quick relief, compresses, candles, direct application, showers and inhalations.

BATH SALTS

200 grams Epson salts

20 drops Essential Oil (your blend)

1 tablespoon Bicarb

1 teaspoon Food coloring or herbs or flower petals for coloring

Combine the properties of these truly amazing natural products to create a simple and effective bath product. Add your Essential Oils depending on your mood and desires and lets your troubles float away.

MIX: To the Epson salts stir in Bicarb and coloring product (if required) and mix well then add Essential Oil blend and mix again.

BODY OIL

100 ml glass bottle

100 drops (5 ml) Essential Oils (your blend)

95 ml base oils

SKIN CARE SENSATIONS

The recipe gives you great oil; use this if you prefer to use body oil, instead of a moisturizer cream. Body is great to give skin supple appearance and ideal for dry skin or sin in harsh climates where even the loveliest of skin has a tendency to dry up. Apply all over body, for added directly after bath with skin is still damp and gently pat dry.

one of the benefits of making your own skin care products is definitely price, but where you will really see the benefits is in the condition of your skin.

When I started making my own products I notice my skin loved the benefits of the Essential Oils and the high quality base products and it look so much better.

What I found was that I didn't react to anything in the blends as there were no chemicals to irritate my skin. If a blend seems to strong on my skin I just added more Base product to reduce the strength of it, this make the blend lighter. I found this ideal for teenagers, when they first started using their own products as they usually have a tendency to be heavy handed with products and their skin is extra sensitive (hormonal). I found it was an ideal solution and over time if they felt the product wasn't doing its job (i.e. not a clean feeling) I then increase it back up to the original blend ratios.

Normal Skin- Normal Skin usually has a flat appearance, with a healthy glow. It is supple and smooth and free if blemish (may get an occasional one).

Combination Skin - The most common skin type is combination skin, which usually has drier cheeks and the area from the chin up to the forehead and then across the forehead is oily (your t-zone

Acne - Acne skin needs to be treated with an antibacterial cream for the acne and a moisturizer than evens out the skin, helping to reduce the blemishes. Always seek medical assistance with severe acne as many times it's an internal imbalance that needs to be corrected to assist with the external healing of the skin.

Sensitive Skin - Sensitive skin can be any of the different skin types, when making products for sensitive skin HALF the essential oils use in the recipe.

Use the correct Essential Oils for different skin types

Normal Skin - Lavender, Geranium, Lemon and Chamomile

Oily - Lavender, Tea Tree, Chamomile and Geranium

Combination - Lavender, Lemon, Geranium and Chamomile

Acne - Lavender, Geranium, Tea Tree and Lemon

CLEANSER

100 ml glass bottle

100 drops (5 ml) Essential Oil

95 ml Liquid Soap Mix

Suggested Blends

Normal, Oily, Acne Skin Types

60 drops (3 ml) Lavender, 40 drops (2 ml) Lemon Essential Oils

Dry and Combination Skin Types

60 drops (3 ml) Lavender, 40 drops (2 ml) Geranium Essential Oils

Massage onto face, neck and decollete and wash off with warm water and cloth (or cotton wipes). You will need to wipe 2-3 times, to remove all oil and grime from skin. Rinse again, tone, pat dry and moisturize.

MIX: Pour in Liquid Soap Mix into bottle, add to this your Essential Oils and shake well. For babies and children up to 2 years, half the quantity of essential oils.

TONER

100ml glass bottle

40 drops (2 ml) Lavender Essential Oil

5 ml Vinegar

93 ml water

Apply to cotton ball and gently wipe of face

MIX: Add water and Vinegar to bottle and then add Essential Oil, mix thoroughly. Shake well before each use as no dispersant is used (ingredient found in commercial products to keep products from separating)

MOISTURIZER

RATIO: 100 drops (5 ml) Essential Oils: 95 ml Base Cream

100 ml glass jar

100 drops (5 ml) Essential Oil blend (as below)

95 ml Base Cream

Blend Suggestions

dr = drop

Normal Skin

30 dr Lavender, 30 dr Geranium, 20 dr Lemon, 20 dr Chamomile

Oily Skin

40 dr Geranium, 25 dr Lavender, 25 dr Tea Tree, 10 dr Chamomile

Dry Skin

35 dr Lemon, 35 dr Lavender, 20 dr Geranium, 15 dr Chamomile

Combination Skin

30 dr Lavender, 30 dr Lemon, 20 dr Chamomile, 20 dr Tea Tree

Acne Skin

35 drop Tea Tree, 25 dr Lavender, 20 dr Geranium, 20 dr Lemon

After cleansing and toning you will need to add moisture back to your skin (even oily) Use this blend daily before apply makeup or as part of the morning / evening skincare ritual.

MIX: Into glass jar spoon in Base Cream fill 2/3 of jar add in essential oils, mix with spoon, fill jar and remix

HAIR CARE HELP

Your "crowning glory" is an important part of your appearance and your confidence. If your hair is oily, messy or lifeless it doesn't matter how well you dress your appearance lacks the finesse of the 'together' look. Why do you think there is the term 'bad hair day'.

I found I could change this with the right products, and lots of expense, but I decided to find natural alternatives that didn't break the bank and help my hair without filling it full of chemicals.

Your hair is usually categorized allowing for correct products to be used. Hair can be Normal, Oily, Dry, Damaged and Dandruff. You can tell your hair type by having a look at it in good light and noticing several different aspects.

Normal Hair - shiny and gloss with little or no frizz

Oily Hair - tends to have a buildup of grease, looks dull and lifeless

Dry Hair - usually frizzy and brittle, looks dry and messy

Damaged Hair - any of the above combined with easy breakage and lack of elasticity

Dandruff - flakes found on scalp and may fall onto clothing

Use the correct Essential Oils for different skin types

Normal - Lavender, Chamomile, Lemon, Geranium

Oily - Lavender,Chamomile, Geranium, Tea Tree

Dry - Lavender, Geranium, Chamomile, Lemon

Damaged - Lavender, Chamomile, Geranium, Tea Tree

Dandruff- Lavender, Chamomile, Lemon, Tea Tree

NATURAL SHAMPOO

200ml bottle

200 ml Liquid Soap Mix (see soap for recipe)

30 drops Essential Oils as below

Blend Suggestions

dr = drops

Everyday Use for Normal Hair

10 dr Lavender, 8 dr Chamomile, 6 dr Lemon, 6 dr Geranium

Oily Hair

10 dr Geranium, 8 dr Chamomile, 6 dr Lavender, 6 dr Tea Tree

Dry Hair

10 drops Chamomile, 8 drops Lemon, 6 dr Geranium, 6 dr Lavender

Damaged

10 dr Chamomile, 10 dr Geranium, 5 dr Tea Tree, 5 dr Lavender

Dandruff

10 dr Tea Tree, 8 dr Chamomile, 6 dr Lavender, 6 dr Lemon

This recipe gives you a base for all your Shampoo blends. For babies and children up to 2 years, half the quantity of essential oils.

If you don't wish to make your own shampoo base buy a natural baby shampoo with no added aromas. You will not get as much foam when you wash with this shampoo as there is no foaming agent added, so don't be worried you hair is getting clean just the same.

MIX: Pour in Liquid Soap Mix into bottle; add to this your Essential Oils and shake well.

NATURAL CONDITIONER

200 ml bottle

47 ml base oil

1 cup Boiled (hot) Water

20 drops (1 ml) Chamomile Essential Oils

Massage into hair, leave on for two - three minutes and rinse off.

This recipe gives you a base for all your conditioner blends. If you don't wish to make your own conditioner base buy a natural gentle conditioner (baby conditioner) with no added aromas.

MIX: To hot water add Essential Oil and then add base oil mix together (shake well) thoroughly. The ingredients in this mix may separate, as no dispersant was used (chemical use to keep blends from separating in store bought products), before use shake well to remix ingredients.

HOT OIL TREATMENT

RATIO: 20 drops essential oil: 100 ml base oil

100 ml bottle

10 drops Lemon

99 ml base oil

Pour approx a tablespoon (2 tablespoons for long hair) into small bowl and heat in microwave or double boiler method until warm (not boiling) pour into palm and massage through hair add another tablespoon if required to give a nice coverage over hair.

Wrap hair in plastic wrap (or plastic bag, or shower cap) and then wrap around a towel, this will keep the heat in giving extra benefit to your treatment.

Allow to remain on hair for 20 - 30 minutes. Rinse out and style as usual (if you find you hair is still to oily you may shampoo and condition your hair).

MIX: To give your hair a lovely revitalizing treatment, blend the base oil with the Essential Oils and shake thoroughly.

GORGEOUS GIFT IDEAS

Do you love giving gifts, do you love giving high quality gifts that you know they will love?

I love giving gifts and usually try to get something that my friends and family will use and appreciate; sometimes this is hard especially if they are the sort of person who really has everything they need.

I have found over the years that people receive handmade gifts exceptionally well and I think this is because in this day and age where you can buy just about anything you want and people are having more and more 'stuff' a beautiful handmade gift that they can see you can taken time and effort to make means they are appreciated.

Another benefit of making gifts from Essential Oils is even though they are handmade they can look and will feel expensive and high quality. I remember giving some bath salts once and the person being quite happy about it, but a couple of days later I get a phone call saying how wonderful the Bath Salts where to use compared to other products she had used in the past and could she have more (I gave her the recipe).

For that added touch always present your gifts elegantly in boxes and package that looks a million.

BATH BOMBS

160 grams Bicarb

40 gram of Citric Acid

20 drops Essential Oil (your blend)

1 tablespoon base oil

1 teaspoon Food coloring or herbs or flower petals for coloring

Combining the natural fizz of Bicarb, that invigorates your mind and body with the wonderful properties of pure Essential Oils to create bath bombs that help the body and mind and are fun for the whole family.

MIX: Combine all dried ingredients in a bowl add Essential Oils 5 drops at a time and mix extremely well and then add base oil. If required add more base oil, your mixture should hold together into a basic shape. Press mixture into mould and allow to set (2 -3 hours). Press out and store in air tight container.

USES

Baths, Foot Baths

BATH OIL - Dissolving

200 ml bottle

100 ml (5ml) Essential Oils (your blend)

30 ml base oil

160 ml vodka

Love oil and baths and the way it gives moisture to your skin and relaxes you but don't like the oil ring after, how about bath oil without the oil ring.

This blend will nearly dissolves completely in the bath water. A little goes a long way so don't go overboard. Add to your bath, and enjoy the aromas for relaxations and stress relief.

MIX: Mix together the Essential Oils and vodka, stirring the mixture slowly to disperse all the Essential Oil droplets. Allow the mixture to stand for 2-3 days (in a cool dark place) and then add water. Allow the mixture for another 2-3 days (in a cool dark place) then you may use it (you can make it in all one go, but for a better product this time line is important).

BATH SALTS

200 grams Epson salts

20 drops Essential Oil (your blend)

1 tablespoon Bicarb

Place is clear jar with ribbon and label will delight your friends.

1 teaspoon Food coloring or herbs or flower petals for coloring

Combine the properties of these truly amazing natural products to create a simple and effective bath product.

MIX: To the Epson salts stir in Bicarb and coloring product (if required) and mix well then add Essential Oil blend and mix again.

TRULY AMAZING

As you can see the world of Aromatherapy and using Essential Oils is amazing and diverse. I love that you can create your own Products so simply and that you can adjust them to your individual likes and dislikes.

Using Essential Oil and making Natural Products for you, your family and friend is a great way to save money and benefit for the therapeutic properties at the same time.

Essential Oil Recipes - How to Make Natural Products Using 5 Essential Oils Or Less
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I hope you have enjoy learning and making your own Natural Products and this is only the only the beginning of your enjoyment using Essential Oils for every day. For more information or if you have any questions please visit my website [http://www.theessential5.com/], it has over 200 Simple and Effective Recipes was created to give you and understanding of Aromatherapy and allow you to save money and make products quickly and simply.

Discover simple effective recipes for creating Natural Products for:

- Skin Care

- Household Cleaning

- First Aid & Common Ailments

- Relaxation & Stress Relief

- Hair Care

- Perfumery

- For Gifts

Do you want to save money?

Use environmentally friendly ingredients?

Make Products that have No Chemicals

Do you want to do all this using only FIVE Essential Oils or Less?

Come to our site, there are lots of articles and tips for making your own recipes

It is for anyone who wants to save money, make effective practical products, that are chemical free and environmentally friendly.

Tina takes you into the Natural World of Essential Oils and show you how to make your own products with simple step by step instructions.

Watch your family enjoy cleaning as they create their own cleaning products and have fun as they fizz and smell fantastic. Appreciate the benefits of making First Aid products that are chemical free and ideally suited to people with sensitive skins and bodies.

Discover using Essential Oils and getting great benefits including products for Relaxation, Stress Relief, Skin care and Hair Care.

Create Gifts for your family and friends high quality products that look,smell and feel amazing. Design your own Signature Perfume and Layering system for a fraction of the cost.

Start making your OWN Products TODAY!

Using only FIVE Essential Oils and common household ingredients.

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Main Functions of Management

There are four main functions of management.

1. Planning.
2. Organizing.
3. Leading.
4. Controlling.

Planning.

Main Functions of Management

Planning is an important managerial function. It provides the design of a desired future state and the means of bringing about that future state to accomplish the organization's objectives. In other words, planning is the process of thinking before doing. To solve the problems and take the advantages of the opportunities created by rapid change, managers must develop formal long- and short-range plans so that organizations can move toward their objectives.

It is the foundation area of management. It is the base upon which the all the areas of management should be built. Planning requires administration to assess; where the company is presently set, and where it would be in the upcoming. From there an appropriate course of action is determined and implemented to attain the company's goals and objectives

Planning is unending course of action. There may be sudden strategies where companies have to face. Sometimes they are uncontrollable. You can say that they are external factors that constantly affect a company both optimistically and pessimistically. Depending on the conditions, a company may have to alter its course of action in accomplishing certain goals. This kind of preparation, arrangement is known as strategic planning. In strategic planning, management analyzes inside and outside factors that may affect the company and so objectives and goals. Here they should have a study of strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and threats. For management to do this efficiently, it has to be very practical and ample.

Characteristics of planning.

Ø Goal oriented.
Ø Primacy.
Ø Pervasive.
Ø Flexible.
Ø Continuous.
Ø Involves choice.
Ø Futuristic.
Ø Mental exercise.
Ø Planning premises.

Importance of planning.

* Make objectives clear and specific.
* Make activities meaningful.
* Reduce the risk of uncertainty.
* Facilitators coordination.
* Facilitators decision making.
* Promotes creativity.
* Provides basis of control.
* Leads to economy and efficiency.
* Improves adoptive behavior.
* Facilitates integration.

Formal and informal planning.

Formal planning usually forces managers to consider all the important factors and focus upon both short- and long-range consequences. Formal planning is a systematic planning process during which plans are coordinated throughout the organization and are usually recorded in writing. There are some advantages informal planning. First, formalized planning forces managers to plan because they are required to do so by their superior or by organizational rules. Second, managers are forced to examine all areas of the organization. Third, the formalization it self provides a set of common assumptions on which all managers can base their plans.

Planning that is unsystematic, lacks coordination, and involves only parts of the organizations called informal planning. It has three dangerous deficiencies. First, it may not account for all the important factors. Second, it frequency focuses only on short range consequences. Third, without coordination, plans in different parts of the organization may conflict.

Stages in planning.

The sequential nature of planning means that each stage must be completed before the following stage is begun. A systematic planning progress is a series of sequential activities that lead to the implementation of organizational plans.

The first step in planning is to develop organizational objectives. Second, planning specialists and top management develop a strategic plan and communicate it to middle managers. Third, use the strategic plans to coordinate the development of intermediate plans by middle managers. Fourth, department managers and supervisors develop operating plans that are consistent with the intermediate plans. Fifth, implementation involves making decisions and initiating actions to carry out the plans. Sixth, the final stage, follow-up and control, which is critical.

The organizational planning system.

A coordinated organizational planning system requires that strategic, intermediate, and operating plans be developed in order of their importance to the organization. All three plans are interdependent with intermediate plans based on strategic plans and operating planes based on intermediate plans. Strategic plans are the first to be developed because they set the future direction of the organization and are crucial to the organization's survival. Thus, strategic plans lay the foundation for the development of intermediate and operating plans. The next plans to be developed are the intermediate plans; intermediate plans cover major functional areas within an organization and are the steppingstones to operating plans. Last come operating plans; these provide specific guidelines for the activities within each department.

Organizing.

The second function of the management is getting prepared, getting organized. Management must organize all its resources well before in hand to put into practice the course of action to decide that has been planned in the base function. Through this process, management will now determine the inside directorial configuration; establish and maintain relationships, and also assign required resources.

While determining the inside directorial configuration, management ought to look at the different divisions or departments. They also see to the harmonization of staff, and try to find out the best way to handle the important tasks and expenditure of information within the company. Management determines the division of work according to its need. It also has to decide for suitable departments to hand over authority and responsibilities.

Importance of the organization process and organization structure.

Promote specialization. Defines jobs. Classifies authority and power. Facilitators' coordination. Act as a source of support security satisfaction. Facilitators' adaptation. Facilitators' growth. Stimulators creativity.

Directing (Leading).

Directing is the third function of the management. Working under this function helps the management to control and supervise the actions of the staff. This helps them to assist the staff in achieving the company's goals and also accomplishing their personal or career goals which can be powered by motivation, communication, department dynamics, and department leadership.

Employees those which are highly provoked generally surpass in their job performance and also play important role in achieving the company's goal. And here lies the reason why managers focus on motivating their employees. They come about with prize and incentive programs based on job performance and geared in the direction of the employees requirements.

It is very important to maintain a productive working environment, building positive interpersonal relationships, and problem solving. And this can be done only with Effective communication. Understanding the communication process and working on area that need improvement, help managers to become more effective communicators. The finest technique of finding the areas that requires improvement is to ask themselves and others at regular intervals, how well they are doing. This leads to better relationship and helps the managers for better directing plans.

Controlling.

Managerial control is the follow-up process of examining performance, comparing actual against planned actions, and taking corrective action as necessary. It is continual; it does not occur only at the end of specified periods. Even though owners or managers of small stores may evaluate performance at the end of the year, they also monitor performance throughout the year.

Types of managerial control:

* Preventive control.

Preventive controls are designed to prevent undesired performance before it occurs.

* Corrective control.

Corrective controls are designed to adjust situations in which actual performance has already deviated from planned performance.

Stages in the managerial control process.

The managerial control process is composed of several stages. These stages includes

Determining performance standards. Measuring actual performance. Comparing actual performance against desired performance (performance standards) to determine deviations. Evaluating the deviations. Implementing corrective actions.

2) Describe how this each function leads to attain the organizational objectives.

Planning

Whether the system is an organization, department, business, project, etc., the process of planning includes planners working backwards through the system. They start from the results (outcomes and outputs) they prefer and work backwards through the system to identify the processes needed to produce the results. Then they identify what inputs (or resources) are needed to carry out the processes.

* Quick Look at Some Basic Terms:

Planning typically includes use of the following basic terms.

NOTE: It is not critical to grasp completely accurate definitions of each of the following terms. It is more important for planners to have a basic sense for the difference between goals/objectives (results) and strategies/tasks (methods to achieve the results).

Goals

Goals are specific accomplishments that must be accomplished in total, or in some combination, in order to achieve some larger, overall result preferred from the system, for example, the mission of an organization. (Going back to our reference to systems, goals are outputs from the system.)

Strategies or Activities

These are the methods or processes required in total, or in some combination, to achieve the goals. (Going back to our reference to systems, strategies are processes in the system.)

Objectives

Objectives are specific accomplishments that must be accomplished in total, or in some combination, to achieve the goals in the plan. Objectives are usually "milestones" along the way when implementing the strategies.

Tasks
Particularly in small organizations, people are assigned various tasks required to implement the plan. If the scope of the plan is very small, tasks and activities are often essentially the same.

Resources (and Budgets)

Resources include the people, materials, technologies, money, etc., required to implement the strategies or processes. The costs of these resources are often depicted in the form of a budget. (Going back to our reference to systems, resources are input to the system.)

Basic Overview of Typical Phases in Planning

Whether the system is an organization, department, business, project, etc., the basic planning process typically includes similar nature of activities carried out in similar sequence. The phases are carried out carefully or -- in some cases -- intuitively, for example, when planning a very small, straightforward effort. The complexity of the various phases (and their duplication throughout the system) depends on the scope of the system. For example, in a large corporation, the following phases would be carried out in the corporate offices, in each division, in each department, in each group, etc.

1. Reference Overall Singular Purpose ("Mission") or Desired Result from System.

During planning, planners have in mind (consciously or unconsciously) some overall purpose or result that the plan is to achieve. For example, during strategic planning, it is critical to reference the mission, or overall purpose, of the organization.

2. Take Stock Outside and Inside the System.

This "taking stock" is always done to some extent, whether consciously or unconsciously. For example, during strategic planning, it is important to conduct an environmental scan. This scan usually involves considering various driving forces, or major influences, that might effect the organization.

3. Analyze the Situation.

For example, during strategic planning, planners often conduct a "SWOT analysis". (SWOT is an acronym for considering the organization's strengths and weaknesses, and the opportunities and threats faced by the organization.) During this analysis, planners also can use a variety of assessments, or methods to "measure" the health of systems.

4. Establish Goals.

Based on the analysis and alignment to the overall mission of the system, planners establish a set of goals that build on strengths to take advantage of opportunities, while building up weaknesses and warding off threats.

5. Establish Strategies to Reach Goals.

The particular strategies (or methods to reach the goals) chosen depend on matters of affordability, practicality and efficiency.

6. Establish Objectives Along the Way to Achieving Goals.

Objectives are selected to be timely and indicative of progress toward goals.

7. Associate Responsibilities and Time Lines with Each Objective.

Responsibilities are assigned, including for implementation of the plan, and for achieving various goals and objectives. Ideally, deadlines are set for meeting each responsibility.

8. Write and Communicate a Plan Document.

The above information is organized and written in a document which is distributed around the system.

9. Acknowledge Completion and Celebrate Success.

This critical step is often ignored -- which can eventually undermine the success of many of your future planning efforts. The purpose of a plan is to address a current problem or pursue a development goal. It seems simplistic to assert that you should acknowledge if the problem was solved or the goal met. However, this step in the planning process is often ignored in lieu of moving on the next problem to solve or goal to pursue. Skipping this step can cultivate apathy and skepticism -- even cynicism -- in your organization. Do not skip this step.

To Ensure Successful Planning and Implementation:

A common failure in many kinds of planning is that the plan is never really implemented. Instead, all focus is on writing a plan document. Too often, the plan sits collecting dust on a shelf. Therefore, most of the following guidelines help to ensure that the planning process is carried out completely and is implemented completely -- or, deviations from the intended plan are recognized and managed accordingly.

Involve the Right People in the Planning Process

Going back to the reference to systems, it is critical that all parts of the system continue to exchange feedback in order to function effectively. This is true no matter what type of system. When planning, get input from everyone who will responsible to carry out parts of the plan, along with representative from groups who will be effected by the plan. Of course, people also should be involved in they will be responsible to review and authorize the plan.

Write Down the Planning Information and Communicate it Widely

New managers, in particular, often forget that others do not know what these managers know. Even if managers do communicate their intentions and plans verbally, chances are great that others will not completely hear or understand what the manager wants done. Also, as plans change, it is extremely difficult to remember who is supposed to be doing what and according to which version of the plan. Key stakeholders (employees, management, board members, founders, investor, customers, clients, etc.) may request copies of various types of plans. Therefore, it is critical to write plans down and communicate them widely.

Goals and Objectives Should Be SMARTER

SMARTER is an acronym, that is, a word composed by joining letters from different words in a phrase or set of words. In this case, a SMARTER goal or objective is:

Specific:

For example, it is difficult to know what someone should be doing if they are to pursue the goal to "work harder". It is easier to recognize "Write a paper".

Measurable:

It is difficult to know what the scope of "Writing a paper" really is. It is easier to appreciate that effort if the goal is "Write a 30-page paper".

Acceptable:

If I am to take responsibility for pursuit of a goal, the goal should be acceptable to me. For example, I am not likely to follow the directions of someone telling me to write a 30-page paper when I also have to five other papers to write. However, if you involve me in setting the goal so I can change my other commitments or modify the goal, I am much more likely to accept pursuit of the goal as well.

Realistic:

Even if I do accept responsibility to pursue a goal that is specific and measurable, the goal will not be useful to me or others if, for example, the goal is to "Write a 30-page paper in the next 10 seconds".

Time frame:

It may mean more to others if I commit to a realistic goal to "Write a 30-page paper in one week". However, it will mean more to others (particularly if they are planning to help me or guide me to reach the goal) if I specify that I will write one page a day for 30 days, rather than including the possibility that I will write all 30 pages in last day of the 30-day period.

Extending:

The goal should stretch the performer's capabilities. For example, I might be more interested in writing a 30-page paper if the topic of the paper or the way that I write it will extend my capabilities.

Rewarding:

I am more inclined to write the paper if the paper will contribute to an effort in such a way that I might be rewarded for my effort.

Build in Accountability (Regularly Review Who is Doing What and By When?)

Plans should specify who is responsible for achieving each result, including goals and objectives. Dates should be set for completion of each result, as well. Responsible parties should regularly review status of the plan. Be sure to have someone of authority "sign off" on the plan, including putting their signature on the plan to indicate they agree with and support its contents. Include responsibilities in policies, procedures, job descriptions, performance review processes, etc.

Note Deviations from the Plan and Replan Accordingly

It is OK to deviate from the plan. The plan is not a set of rules. It is an overall guideline. As important as following the plan is noticing deviations and adjusting the plan accordingly.

Evaluate Planning Process and the Plan

During the planning process, regularly collect feedback from participants. Do they agree with the planning process? If not, what do not they like and how could it be done better? In large, ongoing planning processes (such as strategic planning, business planning, project planning, etc.), it is critical to collect this kind of feedback regularly.

During regular reviews of implementation of the plan, assess if goals are being achieved or not. If not, were goals realistic? Do responsible parties have the resources necessary to achieve the goals and objectives? Should goals be changed? Should more priority be placed on achieving the goals? What needs to be done?

Finally, take 10 minutes to write down how the planning process could have been done better. File it away and read it the next time you conduct the planning process.

Recurring Planning Process is at Least as Important as Plan Document

Far too often, primary emphasis is placed on the plan document. This is extremely unfortunate because the real treasure of planning is the planning process itself. During planning, planners learn a great deal from ongoing analysis, reflection, discussion, debates and dialogue around issues and goals in the system. Perhaps there is no better example of misplaced priorities in planning than in business ethics. Far too often, people put emphasis on written codes of ethics and codes of conduct. While these documents certainly are important, at least as important is conducting ongoing communications around these documents. The ongoing communications are what sensitize people to understanding and following the values and behaviors suggested in the codes.

Nature of the Process Should Be Compatible to Nature of Planners

A prominent example of this type of potential problem is when planners do not prefer the "top down" or "bottom up", "linear" type of planning (for example, going from general to specific along the process of an environmental scan, SWOT analysis, mission/vision/values, issues and goals, strategies, objectives, timelines, etc.) There are other ways to conduct planning. For an overview of various methods, see (in the following, the models are applied to the strategic planning process, but generally are eligible for use elsewhere).

Critical -- But Frequently Missing Step -- Acknowledgement and Celebration of Results

It's easy for planners to become tired and even cynical about the planning process. One of the reasons for this problem is very likely that far too often, emphasis is placed on achieving the results. Once the desired results are achieved, new ones are quickly established. The process can seem like having to solve one problem after another, with no real end in sight. Yet when one really thinks about it, it is a major accomplishment to carefully analyze a situation, involve others in a plan to do something about it, work together to carry out the plan and actually see some results.

Organizing.

Organizing can be viewed as the activities to collect and configure resources in order to implement plans in a highly effective and efficient fashion. Organizing is a broad set of activities, and often considered one of the major functions of management. Therefore, there are a wide variety of topics in organizing. The following are some of the major types of organizing required in a business organization.

A key issue in the design of organizations is the coordination of activities within the organization.

Coordination

Coordinating the activities of a wide range of people performing specialized jobs is critical if we wish avoid mass confusion. Likewise, various departments as grouping of specialized tasks must be coordinated. If the sales department sells on credit to anyone who wished it, sales are likely to increase but bad-debt losses may also increase. If the credit department approves sales only to customers with excellent credit records, sales may be lower. Thus there is a need to link or coordinate the activities of both departments (credits and sales) for the good of the total organization.

Coordination is the process of thinking several activities to achieve a functioning whole.

Leading

Leading is an activity that consists of influencing other people's behavior, individually and as a group, toward the achievement of desired objectives. A number of factors affect leadership. To provide a better understanding of the relationship of these factors to leadership, a general model of leadership is presented.

The degree of leader's influence on individuals and group effectiveness is affected by several energizing forces:

Individual factors. Organizational factors. The interaction (match or conflict) between individual and organizational factors.

A leader's influence over subordinates also affects and is affected by the effectiveness of the group.

* Group effectiveness.

The purpose of leadership is to enhance the group's achievement. The energizing forces may directly affect the group's effectiveness. The leader skills, the nature of the task, and the skills of each employee are all direct inputs into group achievement. If, for example, one member of the group is unskilled, the group will accomplish less. If the task is poorly designed, the group will achieve less.

These forces are also combined and modified by leader's influence. The leader's influence over subordinates acts as a catalyst to the task accomplishment by the group. And as the group becomes more effective, the leader's influence over subordinates becomes greater.

There are times when the effectiveness of a group depends on the leader's ability to exercise power over subordinates. A leader's behavior may be motivating because it affects the way a subordinate views task goals and personal goals. The leader's behavior also clarifies the paths by which the subordinate may reach those goals. Accordingly, several managerial strategies may be used.

First, the leader may partially determine which rewards (pay, promotion, recognition) to associate with a given task goal accomplishment. Then the leader uses the rewards that have the highest value for the employee. Giving sales representatives bonuses and commissions is an example of linking rewards to tasks. These bonuses and commissions generally are related to sales goals.

Second, the leader's interaction with the subordinate can increase the subordinate's expectations of receiving the rewards for achievement.

Third, by matching employee skills with task requirements and providing necessary support, the leader can increase the employee's expectation that effort will lead to good performance. The supervisor can either select qualified employees or provide training for new employees. In some instances, providing other types of support, such as appropriate tools, may increase the probability that employee effort leads to task goal accomplishment.

Fourth, the leader may increase the subordinate's personal satisfaction associated with doing a job and accomplishing job goals by

Assigning meaningful tasks; Delegating additional authority; Setting meaningful goals; Allowing subordinates to help set goals; Reducing frustrating barriers; Being considerate of subordinates' need.

With a leader who can motivate subordinates, a group is more likely to achieve goals; and therefore it is more likely to be affective.

Controlling.

Control, the last of four functions of management, includes establishing performance standards which are of course based on the company's objectives. It also involves evaluating and reporting of actual job performance. When these points are studied by the management then it is necessary to compare both the things. This study on comparison of both decides further corrective and preventive actions.

In an effort of solving performance problems, management should higher standards. They should straightforwardly speak to the employee or department having problem. On the contrary, if there are inadequate resources or disallow other external factors standards from being attained, management had to lower their standards as per requirement. The controlling processes as in comparison with other three, is unending process or say continuous process. With this management can make out any probable problems. It helps them in taking necessary preventive measures against the consequences. Management can also recognize any further developing problems that need corrective actions.

Although the control process is an action oriented, some situations may require no corrective action. When the performance standard is appropriate and actual performance meets that standard, no changes are necessary. But when control actions are necessary, they must be carefully formulated.

An effective control system is one that accomplishes the purposes for which it was designed.

Controls are designed to affect individual actions in an organization. Therefore control systems have implications for employee behavior. Managers must recognize several behavioral implications and avoid behavior detrimental to the organization.

It is common for individuals to resist certain controls. Some controls are designed to constrain and restrict certain types of behavior. For example, Dress codes often evoke resistance. Controls also carry certain status and power implications in organizations. Those responsible for controls placed on important performance areas frequently have more power to implement corrective actions. Control actions may create intergroup or interpersonal conflict within organizations. As stated earlier, coordination is required for effective controls. No quantitative performance standards may be interpreted differently by individuals, introducing the possibility of conflict. An excessive number of controls may limit flexibility and creativity. The lack of flexibility and creativity may lead to low levels of employee satisfaction and personal development, thus impairing the organization's ability to adapt to a changing environment.

Managers can overcome most of these consequences through communication and proper implementation of control actions. All performance standards should be communicated and understood.

Control systems must be implemented with concern for their effect on people's behavior in order to be in accord with organizational objectives. The control process generally focuses on increasing an organization's ability to achieve its objectives.

Effective and efficient management leads to success, the success where it attains the objectives and goals of the organizations. Of course for achieving the ultimate goal and aim management need to work creatively in problem solving in all the four functions. Management not only has to see the needs of accomplishing the goals but also has to look in to the process that their way is feasible for the company.

Main Functions of Management
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